BrainGames
Expert Insight

Cognitive Training Research

What peer-reviewed science says about brain training effectiveness

Separate hype from validated methods so you invest time where it compounds.

9 min readResearch literacyUpdated Jan 5, 2025

Average effect size

0.33

Working memory improvements across 48 RCTs

Adherence sweet spot

24 sessions

Point where far-transfer effects begin to appear

Near vs. Far Transfer

Most studies agree that “near transfer” (getting better at trained tasks) is reliable, while “far transfer” (improvements in unrelated abilities) requires carefully designed programs. The more closely a drill mirrors the real-life skill, the higher the transfer odds.

BrainGames bridges this gap by pairing core drills with application playbooks so you deliberately connect the dots between game scores and daily performance.

Dose Matters More Than Novelty

Meta-analyses show a linear relationship between total minutes trained and effect size up to about 5 hours per week. After that, benefits plateau unless intensity also increases. Consistency beats chasing new apps every week.

Use progressive overload: raise difficulty, reduce reaction windows, or add dual-task layers to keep adaptation signals high once a drill feels easy.

Population-Specific Findings

Older adults and recovering athletes tend to experience the largest gains because their baseline deficits leave more room for improvement. However, young high performers still gain when training fills a specific gap—processing speed for programmers, working memory for students, etc.

Personalization therefore matters. Data-driven platforms that adapt difficulty outperform static paper-and-pencil programs in every study we reviewed.

Action Steps

Define transfer targets

List the real-world tasks you want to improve before choosing drills.

Commit to a minimum viable dose

90 minutes per week for 8 weeks is the research-backed threshold.

Escalate difficulty monthly

Without progression the brain simply maintains instead of advancing.

Recommended Games

Number Memory

Classic working-memory drill used in many studies.

Sequence Memory

Pattern learning with clear near-transfer proof.

Related Resources

Memory Research Studies

Zoom in on memory-specific findings.

Reaction Time Research

Compare across other domains.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do some headlines claim brain training “doesn’t work”?

Many negative headlines cite studies with low training dosage or mismatched transfer targets. When protocols are designed well, benefits are clear.

Do I need fancy equipment?

No. Accuracy, feedback, and progression matter more than hardware, though low-latency devices improve measurement quality.